Information Technology

Binary code ,  code  used in  digital computers , based on a  binary number system  in which there are only two possible states, off and on, usually symbolized by 0 and 1. Whereas in a  decimal  system, which employs 10 digits, each digit position represents a  power of 10  (100, 1,000, etc.), in a binary system each digit position represents a power of 2 (4, 8, 16, etc.). A binary code signal is a series of electrical pulses that represent numbers, characters, and operations to be performed. A device called a clock sends out regular pulses, and components such as  transistors  switch on (1) or off (0) to pass or block the pulses. In binary code, each decimal number (0–9) is represented by a set of four binary digits, or  bits . The four fundamental arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) can all be reduced to combinations of fundamental  Boolean algebraic  operations on binary numbers. ( See  the  table below for how the decimal numbers from 0 to 10

Data Structures  are a specialized means of organizing and storing data in computers in such a way that we can perform operations on the stored data more efficiently. Data structures have a wide and diverse scope of usage across the fields of Computer Science and Software Engineering. 1. Arrays An  array  is a structure of fixed-size, which can hold items of the same data type. It can be an array of integers, an array of floating-point numbers, an array of strings or even an array of arrays (such as  2-dimensional arrays ). Arrays are indexed, meaning that random access is possible. Fig 1. Visualization of basic Terminology of Arrays Array operations Traverse : Go through the elements and print them. Search : Search for an element in the array. You can search the element by its value or its index Update : Update the value of an existing element at a given index Inserting  elements to an array and  deleting  elements from an array cannot be done straight away as arrays are fixed in size