Information Technology

OSI MODEL      The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual model created by the International Organization for Standardization which enables diverse communication systems to communicate using standard protocols. In plain English, the OSI provides a standard for different computer systems to be able to communicate with each other.      The OSI model can be seen as a universal language for computer networking. It’s based on the concept of splitting up a communication system into seven abstract layers, each one stacked upon the last.        Each layer of the OSI model handles a specific job and communicates with the layers above and below itself. DDoS attacks target specific layers of a network connection; application layer attacks target layer 7 and protocol layer attacks target layers 3 and 4. Why does the OSI model matter?      Although the modern Internet doesn’t strictly follow the OSI model (it more clo...

What is an Operating System? An Operating system (OS) is a software which acts as an interface between the end user and computer hardware. Every computer must have at least one OS to run other programs. An application like Chrome, MS Word, Games, etc needs some environment in which it will run and perform its task. The OS helps you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's language. It is not possible for the user to use any computer or mobile device without having an operating system. History Of OS Operating systems were first developed in the late 1950s to manage tape storage The General Motors Research Lab implemented the first OS in the early 1950s for their IBM 701 In the mid-1960s, operating systems started to use disks In the late 1960s, the first version of the Unix OS was developed The first OS built by Microsoft was DOS. It was built in 1981 by purchasing the 86-DOS software from a Seattle company The present-day popular OS Windows first...

Chapter - 1 (Functional English) (Question and Answers) Very Short Answer Questions : 1. How would you describe an outing? Ans. An outing is a short trip either within or out of the town for recreational purposes. 2. Define story telling. Ans. The social activity which describes the act of sharing stories with improvisation is called storytelling. 3. What is narration? Ans. The art of storytelling through written or spoken means is known as narration. 4. What do you understand by descriptive writing? Ans. Descriptive writing is a form of literary style in which the objects, places and persons are described in such a detail that the readers can almost form a picture in their minds. 5. What is an adjective? Ans. In English grammar, adjectives are parts of speech that are used to describe the characteristics of the other parts of speech. Short Answer Questions–I 1. Suppose you want to take a room on rent. What is the difference between ‘commission’ and ‘security’? Ans. Commission is the a...